Bulk active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturing and unit operations; process scale-up; transport processes, including mass, heat, and momentum transfer; process synthesis, analysis, and design; traditional separation processes, including distillation, evaporation, extraction, crystallization, and absorption; new separation processes, including pressure swing adsorption, molecular sieves, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, microfiltration, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, diafiltration, gas permeation, pervaporation, supercritical fluid extraction, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); and batch and continuous reactors for homogeneous, heterogeneous, catalytic, and non-catalytic reactions.